Summary of the signs of shopping Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summary of the signs of shopping - Essay ExampleIn addition, Morton expresses how shopping involves the procurement of stuff such as household equipments and apparels. Often, many people will bargain, persuade the mall owners that they are their daily customers. This opens up the ability of promotions and subversion to both the customer and the owner. If the customer does non like how he or she is being treated, they have a right to complain to the owner for motley of port by, for example, workers. The owner therefore has to apologize to the customer and promise dual change of treatment and behavior because he or she does not want to lose customers thus going down of the business.Shopping is irresistible for a wide majority of the populace in the contemporary society. Some cannot live without shopping in their daily lives especially women and their daughters, that is like their daily routine but communication has made work easier straight days. No walking long distances to the shopping malls, time is being saved too if one has a busy and tight schedule. Phone calls are made to the shopping stores to order for shopping or mails to be sent to websites and customers can shop

Late Stage Abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Late Stage Abortion - Essay ExampleThis essay demonstrates several(predicate) opinions and controversial meanings, that often surround abortion topic. This essay specifically takes a look on womans duty on abortion in general and late arrange abortion as well. Controversial opinions of doctors and researches are also represented, but all agree that babies and their mothers have the right to be protected. This essay focues on what makes abortion victims. Its suggests that the victim is not only denied experiences and projects, but there are some other things, which the aborted fetus cannot extol now but would have experienced them in future, which the fetus is denied or deprived of. There are also questions discussed such as is it correct or not to kill unborn babies because it deprives them of their future.Late stage abortion is, mostly considered as wrong because logical arguments that surround it are about human rights. nearly people claim that a woman has a right to privac y, entitled to her own decisions and act or behave in accordance to her own body to be carried out in terms of protection. However, when it comes to her committing an fill out such as late stage abortion, their actions may be questioned. In conclusion, this essay simplifies to the two primary(prenominal) conflicting events in this scenario. First one is whereby the women has the right to act to her own body and right to privacy. Or whether or not two individuals rights need to be in agreement, womans and her unborn child. In addition, the women has obligation to the foul up because she avoided using contraception to ward off pregnancy.

Introduction to FIlm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Introduction to FIlm - test ExampleJordan Belfort is a genius who can invent new products and therefore sustain investment. While he does this successfully, his self-drive is greed and personal gain as he continues to grow his earnings and savings from the industry.The theatre director of the sprout, Martin Scorsese portrays professionalism in his creation of the work as he adopts a screenplay written by Terence Winter. The success of the claim just as any other arises from the avid portrayal of the society. The director of the film strives to achieve this finished effective representation of the facts in the film and construction of the plot. Films communicate through various features including characters, costumes and setting among many an(prenominal) others. The developers of the film select such features carefully thereby enhancing the success of the film. The film stars renowned stars such as Leonardo DiCaprio, Jonah Hill and Margot Robbie among many others. Such are estab lished celebrities who do not plainly enjoy fame but also exhibit professionalism in acting. They therefore enhance the subject in the film thereby enhancing the success of the plot. The same is the case with the developers selection of the setting for the film and costumes for the characters all of which complement the theme in the film.in fact some of the nominations were on such pertinent features as picture quality, costume end and characterization among many others.Just as any other man, Jordan Belfort has an interesting story. He begins his career at a stock brokerage firm in Wall Street. He learns through a shrill businessperson, Mark Hanna who introduces him to drugs among other vices in the industry. Despite such, Belfort maintains his education and interest on the job until he becomes a certified stockbroker. Unfortunately for him, on the day he becomes a stockbroker the market crushed thus interpreting him and many others jobless. Meanwhile he is a dedicated and lovi ng family man who strives to provide for his wife. The

Healthcare management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Healthcare solicitude - render ExampleHowever, the affordable health care act now stipulates that all citizens who do not have a form of employment are covered by Medicaid (Pipes, 2010). This, therefore, means that all patients are eligible for health care regardless of their risk factors and financial ability. This is a nightmare for most infirmarys because it raises the cost of operations because the funding of this healthcare act is a collective venture (Pipes, 2010).As a result, there are certain cost that hospitals must try to avoid in order to maintain the business. First and foremost, hospitals must reduce redundancies in order to reduce recurrent expenditure. (Healthcareitnews.com, 2012) This is a tricky process as there is often a shortage of personnel hospitals, however, this must be done. Some personnel often carry out spend a penny that could be done by someone else or outsourced. For instance, some procedures that are non-essential could be outsourced to other hospita ls. Also, the hospital should invest in a more stringent scrutiny measure for patients. (Ache.org, 2012)While this is an additional cost, it becomes an efficient criteria for identifying patients with blue risk factors that could increase potential losses for the hospital. Finally, hospitals must look to find additional investors so as to increase the amount of capital in the running of the hospital.Healthcareitnews.com. (2012).8 key issues for population health management in 2012 healthcare it news. online Retrieved from http//www.healthcareitnews.com/news/8-key-issues-population-health-management-2012 Accessed 18 Jan

Management and Leadership Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

attention and Leadership Paper - Essay ExampleFor instance, both draws as well as managers atomic number 18 responsible for achieving similar agreemental goals that of steering the organization towards profitable goals their tasks involve working in groups and managing pile along with other similar shared traits and responsibilities. According to Richard Daft, lead cannot replace perplexity but sort of is something that is to be practiced in addition to management (in Prussakov, 2011). Warren Bennis, has listed various key differences between leadership and management which are discussed below Managers are responsible for handling the day to day administration of the organization go leaders on the other hand are required to lead through pattern. The management team at Nike is focused on innovation and creativity as a classify of their strategic policies with a view to retain their competitive positioning in the market and retain their dominance. Hence, era the managers a re entrusted with the responsibilities of handling the routine operations the leaders on the other hand, constantly seek to stand up new ways to create and innovate their products. For instance, recently Nike developed a new app which uses the iPhones GPS and mapping capabilities to remains the performance of the athletes / runners. Furthermore, the app is moderately priced and connected directly to the companys website which helps the runners / users to share their running routes as well as metre with everyone and post their results directly to popular social networking sites such as Twitter and Facebook (NY times, 2010). The managers maintain stability while the leaders initiate change. The managers task is to maintain and sustain the competitive positioning of the organization while the leader is entrusted with the responsibility of developing and expanding the organization. For instance as observed in the case of Nike, during its initial days, the company experience rapid g rowth and began to be known as a leading and fashionable sports shuffling during the 1990s. that by the end of the 1990s the growth began to stagnate, with the entry of new players in the market such as Adidas and Reebok along with several other smaller dirts. One of the key marketing problems faced by Nike during these times was that the company had begun to lose its brand image, as fashionable footwear for teens, as older people increasingly began sporting Nike gear (i.e. clothing as well as footwear) (Porter et al., 2005). The managers, in this case were responsible to take care that the company achieves its profit targets and maintains its stability however, the leaders on the other hand, were required to innovate and change the brand image to achieve its long term goals that of long term sustainability in the market. Hence, as a result, the management at Nike changed its marketing strategy and targeted a younger market segment the Californian teenager, to revamp its brand image. The manager encourages and enhances the efficiency of the employees and groups while the leader

Anthropology of humor Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Anthropology of humor - Assignment typefaceGrandparents and grandchildren are expected to fill this role.The worst choice of local mediator would be anj-umba who has a bukangandu (cold, distant) alliance with both Anji and Ego. The anj-umba would likely sit and stare into space, having no eye contact with either Anji or Ego. Obviously, this strategy would not settle any disputes and more tension would occur.The worst choice of mediator would be the western sandwich marriage councilor. The horse opera therapist would have no idea what the issues were or how resolution works among the Ndake. The occidental would try to delve into root causes and common ground when the Ndake resolve the hurt feelings, not the topic of conflict.The Western African conflict resolution technique is intriguing. The core conflict is less important than the relationship resolution. This trunk of therapy actually mirrors the Golden Rule well do you want others to forgive your transgressions, if so, then forgiving others instanter sets that precedent.Ethnic humor is disturbing when used to target a group for ridicule. It is a common found of toxic humor. Some groups choose to joke about themselves as a form of therapy. The danger is separating those who muzzle with and those who laugh at. Judaic humor serves to teach, explain and maintain dignity among the Jews. The Talmud Law teachings could be so complex, traditional Jewish humor used absurdity to define limits of these laws. Throughout history, Jews have been in the recreation business disproportionately. Vaudeville acts would go to the Catskills and the Borscht Belt circuit. Now television has a large Jewish entertainer population.Saul Bellow, famous Jewish author, claims the oppressed must be witty as a survival of the fittest skill. (BrainyQuote.com) The Jewish humor is based on religious belief, of course, assimilation into society, self deprecation and wits. Laughing with your lucifer group helps understand the human comedy that is that group.From

Management Consultant Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Management consultant Industry - Essay Example in that location has been a lot of criticism of consultants, consulting companies as well as consulting as a profession. This in like manner spurred a large number of jokes and sarcastic comments being made on consultants, one of them being All that commission consultants do is to borrow their clients watches and tell them the time, then send in a huge bill. umpteen articles suck up also been penned on various unethical practices being carried out by consultants especially in big consulting firms (Kitay & Wright 2004, Pinault 2000). While some amount of criticism is valid and makes sense, a large part is also exaggerated. This essay aims to critically analyze both sides of the picture before arriving at the dos and impart onts for a successful marriage between business and consulting. Criticism against Consultants (Stage 3- Root Definition) Consulting by nature is a service industry and hence its deliverables are highschoolly int angible and subjective (Lemann 1999). Therefore, different business organizations have different evaluation of work done by consultants for them. Consultants generally charge a very high fee. Many times, their recommendations actually lead to worsening of conditions. Moreover, consultants have the inclination to implement or suggest plastered standard solutions which have developed in their own organizations or are generally used better practices in the industry. Hence, they dont make it a point to customize the solution for a event organization or come up with a new solution. (Pringle 1998). Consultants are often seen focusing on latest management fads in the market or using fashionable business jargon to bear upon the clients but which may have no implications on the output (Clark & Salaman 1998, Pinault 2000). A large number of consulting projects have simply failed to deliver the results while many an(prenominal) others lost touch with reality mid-way and had to be scrapped (Klenter & Mollgard 2006, Seidl & Mohe 2007). In many cases, implementation of the consultants advice has produced disastrous circumstances for an organization (Byrne 2002). Ferdinand Piech, former CEO of Volkswagen, even went to the extent of saying that If you motivation to ruin a company, you only have to try fixing it with the help of external consultants (Seidl & Mohe 2007). Analysis of Client- Consultant interaction by means of CATWOE approach Let us understand the client consultant relationship through CATWOE approach proposed by Checkland (Williams 2005). a. Customers The customers here would be the end consumers the client caters to. For example, for a steel manufacturer hatful buying utensils may be the customer. The impact of the client consultant relationship on the customers may draw in the medium to long term. b. Actors Actors would be the consultants or consulting firm who enable the transformation. The role of consultants is the most square for the success of t his relationship. Now days, consultants work in teams which comprise members of the client side as well. Therefore, in such cases certain client side employees are also actors. c. Transformation The transformation is the conversion from an unsolved job to a well laid out solution. The solution may be a suggestion, recommendation, documentation, model or an end to end implementation depending upon the nature and scope of work. d. Weltanschauung The compensation of the consu

Complete standardisation in International Marketing strategy is an Essay

Complete standardisation in International Marketing strategy is an impossible goal to achieve, and pursuing it will inevitably d - analyze ExampleMarket conditions in one country may be very different from the conditions in another country. Policies, laws, culture, and other regulations, which determine the nature of the business environment, may cause the difference. The laws of operations from one participation to another ar usually different. Standards are usually derived from a real cultural environment. They encompass well-nigh values that are necessarily designed to serve the interests of particular market situations. As such, their activitys are suit to respond to certain needs and situations as dictated by the range of possibilities within a cultural milieu. Many companies regulate their operations in ways that respond to the kind of markets and situations. This regulation is aimed towards the actualization of certain conditions that try for within the specifics of the market. According to analysts, the variation of markets is shown in a range of factors that distinguish between one market and another (Parker, 2005, p. 51). For instance, the levels of income, the nature of infrastructural development, the regulatory policies, and laws may apply differently from one region to another. This implies that the act of certain standards within the different regions would have significantly varied impacts. Therefore, the standards are usually designed in ways that provide synergies to one market while denying the same to another market situation. Advertising and marketing strategies are designed in ways that respond to certain standards and expectations. For instance, the message in the advert of a certain product may vary significantly in accordance with factors of culture, target clientele, levels of disposable income, and a range of other variables. These factors determine the kind of preference of one product to another. For instance, it is us ually the norm that certain products deserve the application of strict standards as compared to others. Studies have shown that companies that operate with virtually level of flexibility are more likely to yield positive results than those that are governed by some strict application of the standards. On this score, it becomes difficult to determine the kind of method that could apply equally across different operating environments. The theater of operations of operation in the United States may vary significantly from the one in Saudi Arabia. Products, goods, services, and processes in the cardinal countries will ultimately be influenced by the nature of business environment between the two companies. For instance, the sale of mobile telephone services would be tailored on the specific cultural features that apply within one kind of market. The marketing strategy in Saudi Arabia would involve the appropriation of some kind of conservatism that is consistent with the nature of th e market and the culture of the people. On the other hand, marketing and advertisement in the United States would entail some specific elements of the American culture of consumerism. This would entail an active assay of products that fit into the scheme and preferences of the target clientele. The standards of the language used in the advertisement would necessarily involve the application of methods and strategies that suit the aspirations and preferences of the dominant population. It would be impossible for any success to attend to the specific needs of the society. It would be important to determine the

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy - Essay ExampleAt the age of six, he had already developed contractures with the calf vigors being the most severely affected (Larsen & Lubkin, 2013). By the age of nine climbing stairs and rising unaided was impossible, and at ten years, he was throttle to a wheelchair. He has weakening trunk muscles which can easily ca custom scoliosis. His diaphragm muscles ar also weakened which makes breathing and coughing difficult, and increases chances of lung infection. Complications such(prenominal) as sleep-dis croped breathing ineffective cough and nocturnal hypoventilation are being experienced. The uncomplaining also has difficulties learning through listening and attention span is low (American pectoral Society, 2010). DMD symptom management The focus of this study is the symptom management of neuromuscular and skeletal muscles. In a review article by a team of 84 practitioners representing the specialists who provide care to DMD patients selected by warmness for Disease Control (CDC), they independently rated the interventions and assessments that are used in DMD management (DMD Care Considerations Working Group, 2009). From this assessment, CDC happy panelists came up with management interventions for the neuro and skeletal muscles for a DMD patient at the stage in which this patient is. The setoff intervention for muscle strength and function is pharmacological intervention to address the progression of muscle depravation in a DMD patient. The treatment that the review focuses on is the use of the glucocorticoids to optimize strength and function of these muscles. Glucocorticoids let up the collapsing of muscle strength, as well as its function, thereby reducing the risk of scoliosis and stabilize pulmonary function. The initial RCTs of patients on 0.75 mg/kg daily dose of prednisone for six months showed improvement in muscle strength. Prednisolone and deflazacort are other glucocorticoids that were shown to be effective on a daily dose preferably of alternate days. These medications were shown also to prolong ambulation and in patients that have become non- ambulatory showed reduced risks of progressive scoliosis and stabilization of pulmonary function. There is no agreed time to start the glucocorticoids therapy since this is based on serial assessments, as well as parental report in the diseases three phases. However, for a patient who has lost ambulation such as this one, the CDC experts review points the therapy can be introduced or continued in order to preserve upper limb strength, reduce progression of scoliosis and slow down a loss of respiratory and cardiac function. The review concludes that other supplements could be used to manage the neuro and skeletal muscles weaknesses such as coenzyme Q10, carnitine, and antioxidants such as fish oils, vitamin E, green tea extracts and amino acids. In another review article by the CDC expert panel on the implementation of multidisciplinary care i n the management of DMD, the expert panel of the CDC hurl addresses skeletal and respiratory management (DMD Care Considerations Working Group, 2009). In spinal management, the earlier management with the use of glucocorticoid treatment is retaliated to curb progression of scoliosis and a small chance of developing vertebral compression fractures caused by osteoporosis.

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 423

Assignment ExampleAs such(prenominal) as this is a sad state, news organizations very knew that the digital movement would come by nigh day and this should thus not appear shocking at all (Naquin, 2015). In that light, although news organizations may seek governments help in making newspapers still viable, many are of the sagacity that this will not be possible since they are now obsolete in nature (Naquin, 2015).In the course of gauging effectiveness or rather the force of advertising campaigns over the internet, there are dissimilar challenges that managers face. One of the challenges is that the various digital channels possess different effectiveness and thus relying on wiz particular channel may give a false reflection of an advertisements impact (Fisher, 2012). Another challenge is that most marketers still rely upon the native metrics such as the click-through-rate or looking at page makes over the internet to gauge success yet Agencies in the regular army cont arres t that such acts as the intent to buy or recalling of a brand are actually the most successful methods that one would use to gauge online success (Fisher, 2012). Therefore, if I were a manager I would rely upon sales metrics as the most efficient way of gauging efficiency of my campaigns and as sanitary incorporate the traditional metrics so that I can have a 360 degree view of the performance (Fisher, 2012).Fisher, L. (2012).Quantifying Digital Brand Ad Effectiveness Finding the Right Mix of Meaningful Metrics. e-Marketer.Retrieved from Naquin, C. (2015). Newspapers towards the end of the traditionalmedium? Culture Exchange. Retrieved from

Is the UK Airline Industry Competitive Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Is the UK Airline Industry Competitive - audition ExampleAs the paper declares taxation is always a painful and complex issue with reverberations on all elements of the industry. However considering the relatively under-taxed nature of the UK airline industry it is possible that it exit not be too badly hurt by the new tax although it might result in a decline in passengers.This essay stresses that this is a significant issue facing the airline industry at the moment. British Airways is recently involved in a struggle to resolve with union officials after it has stated a strike because of BAs refusal to meet it demands. BAs after failing to sire to an agreement with union over its cost-cutting program now appears to be focusing on wearing subjugate its employees. The company has done whatever it can from out-sourcing to using volunteers and claims that it has managed to keep a lot of its flights running. The impact of rule on competitiveness is a complicated one. It is also hard to assess whether the regulatory environment will change anytime in the near future specially considering the havoc that lack of regulation played on the fiscal markets. What is essential however that changes in regulation will definitely impact competitiveness entirely may impact different players and stake-holders in a different way. If we take a look at financial indicators as a measure of the performance of the industry we can see that many firms obligate reported serious losses indicating troubled times for the industry. British Airways for example been in dire financial straits indicating losses far worse then what many had predicted and with no respite anytime soon.

Academic Integrity Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Academic Integrity - Assignment ExampleThe present research has identified that a drawing card who has unity to a fault has the courage to differentiate right from wrong and to act on what he believes and stands for it. The signs of the leader having integrity are that he is honest not only to himself but also to the world, he learns from his mistakes and is also not afraid to accept his mistakes and speaking up when something wrong or out of the ordinary is observed. A Leader who has integrity engraved within him also becomes a role model for others and has the potential of impact the world on a large scale. Hence, a person who demonstrates exquisite leadership skills with an added asset of integrity is bound to the road to success. Academic integrity is taught in many pedantic institutions in the form of deterrent example conducts, it is mentioned in the universities websites. Moreover, students are given classes on how to practice it to the fullest. According to MSU, academic integrity means to generate authentic and genuine work and to praise people work by acknowledging them. The failure to comply with academic integrity leads to the failure of student and even dismissal of a student from the university. MSU has strict policies against academic dishonesty. It states heterogeneous rules and regulation regarding academic dishonesty in research, the duties of a student regarding academic integrity etc. If a student is accused of conducting academic dishonesty, he is evaluated by his supervising teacher and is then given the penalty on the basis of his degree of dishonesty. The student may then appeal for a hearing. It is also the certificate of indebtedness of the students to practice integrity in scholarships, grades, and standards of the professions.

Specific Therapeutic Technique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

detail Therapeutic Technique - Essay ExampleManipulative and Body-Based Practices - Here force in controlled conditions is used to detect health particularisedally in relation to painful joints and muscles. These ar basically massage and stretching techniques.The specific therapeutic technique being discussed is Acupuncture- this is falls under Whole Medicine classification of National Centre for Complementary and alternating(a) Medicine. It is part of Traditional Chinese Medicine.Acupuncture can be defined as the technique of inserting needles at the acupuncture points in the embody to restore the health of the body by getting rid of affection and pain. Loss of balance between yin and yang energies is believed to be the cause of diseases. Treatment involves applying pressure on the 12 meridians or the uncomplicated pathways. There are other secondary pathways which are also used to treat the tolerant depending upon the severity as elaborated later.This technique is believed to have parentageated in China in antiquated times, slip evidence of its practice even found in stone age though it seemed to become more than prevalent from 1st millennium BCE more from the time of Hang Dynasty, though identical all ancient practices it is difficult to pin point exact date or country of origin as identical techniques seem to have been used by the Koreans and Japanese. Conventionally however it is associated with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). ... in ancient times, stray evidence of its practice even found in stone age though it seemed to become more prevalent from 1st millennium BCE more from the time of Hang Dynasty, though like all ancient practices it is difficult to pin point exact date or country of origin as similar techniques seem to have been used by the Koreans and Japanese. Conventionally however it is associated with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). During the wee days of Chinese Revolution it was dismissed as superstitious and backward, driving it hugger-mugger for fear of reprisal. It was much later that Mao decided to revive it as he considered ancient Chinese medicine as a cultural treasure and started efforts to improve and modernize it. In the US its early users were Chinese railroad workers who had learnt it from the elders using it as self medication in their families. The theory of acupuncture is explained as certain points on the bodies which loosely correspond to the organs of the body though some points may not have one to one relationship with any organ. It is believed that disease occurs if there is an imbalance between yin and yang energies of the body and treatment involves modifying the activity of body subsystems by applying pressure or heat at pressure points. These points are now conventionally cognise as acupuncture points. These are present along layers of 12 primary pathway meridians, 8 extraordinary pathways located throughout the body. Un associated points are also believed to be present k nown as tender points which are used to treat of localized discomfort. Each of the 12 pathways is associated with one of the xii zang fu organs, 6 are yin and 6 are yang pathways. 3 yin and 3 yang are believed to be present on the arms and 3 each on the legs. Life force or qi is

What factors led to the end of the Cold War Assignment

What factors take to the end of the Cold War - Assignment ExampleThere are two major factors that were cognise to have led to the end of it all.One of the major factors was the leadership of the United States under President Ronald Reagan. It was, as many people say, President Ronald Reagans w deliriouspower and drive to rise up against the Soviet Union and beget an effort in strengthening and improving the aptitude and skill of the US military. The Iron Curtain at long last was left defeated, because they could no longer compete. Reagan added political, military, and financial weight on the Soviet Union, which was by that time were ill with serious commercial unproductivity. The USSR collapsed and fell in 1991. This left the United States as the leading military supremacy.another(prenominal) major factor was the reforms attempted by Gorbachev. In 1987, he declared an program of economic reclamation called perestroika, or restructuring. In addition, he instantaneously presented g lasnost, or openness, which added liberty of the media and the transparency of national organizations. These efforts did not do much to resume the nations already lethargic economy. The changes devolved things to a certain degree. The Russian ruble was inconvertible. Perestroika led to the creation of new holdups in the Soviet financial system. By 1990, the administration had essentially lost its control over the dying economic

Social venture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social venture - Essay recitationThrough the efforts of volunteers, the food collected are sort, repack and shelve almost 400 tons of food at our warehouse each week, doing the work of what would be about 50 full-time employees San Francisco Food Bank (2011). This makes the shaping boast of close to two million pounds of food in their warehouse. These pounds of food are given vertebral column to society by delivering them to over four hundred local non-profit making organisations who for various reasons may be in assume of the food. Social Problems and Challenges addressed by San Francisco Food Bank As its name suggest, the cordial problem addressed by San Francisco Food Bank is hunger reduction and provision of food to hang the masses. This well-disposed problem addressed by the organisation cannot be described with any other lecture better than saying it is a course in the right direction. The decision to tackle food colligate problem is particularly important noting the fact that scholars shuch as Abraham Maslow recognises food as the number one need of humanity. This way, it is true to conclude that San Francisco Food Bank tackles the most important social problem of humanity. The basis on which the organisation operates in this venture of social problem is seen in its flush statement, which is stated as We tender food to over 24,000 households in San Francisco and Marin counties each week. We will distribute 41.5 million pounds of food to the community this year, commodious to feed 88,000 meals every day (Charity Navigator, 2011). Clearly, the figure of 88,000 meals everyday is awesome and needful. Inversely, the city of San Francisco would have 88,000 meals missed every day and some 24,000 households would have suffered empty stomach but for San Francisco Food Bank. Strategies used in addressing social problems The major strategy used by San Francisco Food Bank in the jurisdiction of its social mission is volunteerism and fundraising. Accord ing to the organisation, they rely on volunteers like you to help sort, package and distribute healthy food to volume in need in San Francisco (San Francisco Food Bank (2011). Volunteerism is also seen in the acquisition of the food in the organisations food bank. This way, the company acknowledges the fact that this can include test-marketed products, items close to inscribe date, produce that is the wrong shape or size for conventional markets and excess. Food drives are an important inauguration of variety. Day in an out, the organisation through mass media advertisement and publicity programs solicit for the inclusion of the mundane San Franciscan in its volunteer activities. The organisation also organises fundraising events that aims at soliciting for physical cash for the running of the organisation. testing of San Francisco Food Banks Strategies in addressing Social Problems including Projected Social Impact The major energy of San Francisco Food Banks strategy for ad dressing its social interventions is that the work output of the company is passing large to be undertaken by regularly and fully employed workers, especially as the organisation is only a non-profit making venture. Volunteerism is chosen by the organisation purposely because the work load on the organisation is extremely tedious and vast. Needing to feed over 24,000 households with 41.5 million poun

Pride and Prejudice & The Merchant of Venice Essay Example for Free

self-esteem and harm The merchant of Venice proveShakespe be and Jane Austen both present sozzled feeling of love, r in timege, hatred and friendship. They be twain polar types of stories, plume and preconceived opinion is a impertinent and The Merchant of Venice is a play so on that pointfore they both have different authoritys of presenting operose feelings but they do have some similarities. In Pride and Prejudice unvoiced feelings atomic number 18 presented by 1. The Narrator 2. Letters 3. Dialogue Whereas in The Merchant of Venice strong feelings are presented by 1. The characters 2. Long Speechs One way that Jane Austen presents strong feelings is through letters. Through forbidden the play Jane Austen presents strong feelings of love, hatred or sorrow by writing letters, for example when Darcy writes a letter to Elizabeth after their heated conversation when Elizabeth rejects Darcys proposal, you give the sack check off what Darcy is feeling- Pardon me, It pains me to offend you You gage distinctly see that Mr Darcy guesss that this letter would upset Elizabeth because he grades in the letter that he is so against the relationship between the relationship and possible marriage between Jane and Mr Bingley.In The Merchant of Venice Shakespeare present strong feelings through pine idiomes as The Merchant of Venice is a play, so the audience can see the strong feelings- The pound of figure of speech which I demand of him is dearly bought tis mine, and I go forth have it pg. 70. This is when moneylender demands his pound of pulp magazine of Bassanio. This keen-sighted speech is when the Duke is questioning Shylocks unusual bond. Shylock the Jew is determined to take revenge and to take the pound of flesh.The Merchant of Venice is a play, so you cannot see feelings through letters this is why Shakespeare presents strong feelings through speeches. Another way that Jane Austens novel and Shakespeares play are similar is that bot h stories have many an(prenominal) relationships. Elizabeth and her infant Jane are really close and share secrets- When Elizabeth and Jane where alone expressed to her infant how truly much she look up to him or pg. 309 Elizabeth has 4 sisters, Lydia, Kitty, Mary and Jane.Elizabeth and Jane are very close as they are similar in age, whereas the other sisters and much younger and Elizabeth thinks they are very immature. In The Merchant Of Venice Antonio and Bassanio have a very close friendship you may even say that they are like brothers. Antonio agrees to the bond so he can lend money to Bassanio so he can go to Portia. You can see that they are very close as Antonio is resulting to give his life for Bassanio. When Antonio is in the court and ab prohibited to die, Bassanio is obligation by his side. Ill seal to such a bond You shall not seal to such a bond for me (Bassanio) Even though Bassanio wants to stop Antonio from agreeing the bond, Antonio is determined to seal t he bond as he thinks his ships will be back within 3 months, but unfortunately they crash out at sea and all his money is lost. As salubrious as strong friendships Jane Austen and Shakespeare alike involve many relationships to present strong feelings of love. In Pride and Prejudice Mr Darcy and Elizabeth have a strong relationship. Similarly, in The Merchant of Venice Jessica and Lancelot also have a strong relationship.In both stories they will do anything for love, even if it means betraying their piety or their social disunite. In Pride and Prejudice Mr Darcy thinks that having money and having social class is very authorized, so when he falls in love with Elizabeth who hasnt got much money and who hasnt got social class and standing Mr Darcy feels ashamed that he loves Elizabeth but he still proposes to her even though all his friends think that this is wrong- In vain I have struggled. It will not doYou must give up me to tell you how ardently I admire and love you pg. 5 6 In The Merchant of Venice Jessica and Lancelot betray their religion. Jessica is a Jew and Lancelot is a Christian and even though they are not supposed to mix they still bolt out and get married- Bestrew me but I love her heartily pg. 35 This makes Shylock, Jessicas popping very angry because when Jessica marries Lancelot she be educes a Christian. Another way that Jane Austen and Shakespeare present strong feelings in Pride and Prejudice and The Merchant of Venice is through strong characters. In both stories there are many characters, but the two main characters are Elizabeth and Shylock.They are both very strong minded and not afraid to speech their mind. In Pride and Prejudice Elizabeth is very different to other characters in the novel. Female characters in the novel believe that looking smashing, behaving well and keeping their feelings to themselves is very important, Elizabeth isnt bothered about speaking out or not looking well, for example when Elizabeth walks to see her sister Jane in the Bingleys house, Bingleys sister and friend are very surprised that she walked all this way in the mud and they even say that it isnt very ladylikeLady Catherine De Bourgh who is very high in class asks Elizabeth if she wants to come to London with her, and Elizabeth says no. You are all kindness, Madam but I believe we must abide by our original plan. Pg. clxxv In The Merchant of Venice Shylock is very strong minded and is singled out of the play because he is a mean Jew that charges interest. Shylock is very stubborn and determined to keep to his bond a pound of flesh of Antonio. If every ducat in six thousand ducats, Were in six parts, and every part a ducat, I would not draw them I would have my bond Pg. 9 This is from the scene when the trail takes place. This is when Bassanio offers Shylock 6 thousand ducats, but Bassanio fails as Shylock is determined to take a pound of flesh from Antonio no matter how many ducats Bassanio offers. Shakespeare presents Shylock as a horrid Jew so the story becomes interesting and that there is conflict between the Jew and the Christians. In addition Jane Austen and Shakespeare present strong feelings through the vote counter in Pride and Prejudice and asides is The Merchant of Venice. This is a great way of showing feelings.In Pride and Prejudice the narrator is one of the main ways of showing feelings- The contents of the letter threw Elizabeth into a flutter of spirits The narrator has been very successful putting an image into our heads of Elizabeth being thrown into a state or turmoil, having subscribe to her aunts letter in which she said how much she liked Mr Darcy. In The Merchant of Venice asides are used as it is a play, so there cant be a narrator. Asides are where the character is talk of the town to the audience and the other characters on the stage cant hear- Aside how like a cringe publican he looksI hate him for he is a Christian pg. 13 From this aside you can tell that Shylock has very strong feelings of hatred for Bassanio. In this scene the only pile on stage are Shylock and Bassanio, so an aside is the perfect to show how Shylock is feeling without Bassanio knowing. In The Merchant of Venice Shakespeare uses repeated phrases to make an impact of strong feelings- My daughter O my ducats O my daughter Fled with a Christian O my Christian ducats My ducats and my Daughter pg. 40 This is when Solanio is mocking Shylock when he realises that his daughter has eloped with a Christian.From these repeated phrases the audience can see that Solanio is emphasising Shylocks utter despair for his ducats and his daughter. Jane Austen and Shakespeare present strong feelings through prejudice. In Pride and Prejudice there is prejudice against womanhood and people without lots of money. In Pride and Prejudie woman only existed to be married off. Unless there familys had lots of money this was very difficult and they would be at the mercy of men who might take pity of them or who had no chance of marrying well themselves. She is luckily too poor to be an object of prey to anybody pg. 92 This quote shows prejudice.Mr white avens and Elizabeth are talking about Lydias trip Brighton, Elizabeth is worried that she will marry the wrong man, but Mr Bennet isnt too worried as Lydia is too poor so no man will take interest in her. In The Merchant of Venice the Christians are prejudice against the Jews. All the Christians hate them just because they arent Christians, they are only tolerated because they are good business people and money lenders. When they go out of the ghetto they have to where reds barets so everyone could see that they are Jews and so they stand out. Shakespeare presents strong feelings.There are many times that Antonio call outs him a dog. This shows that Shakespeare also uses repeated phrases to make a big impact to the audience- You call me misbeliever, cut-throat dog, and spit upon my Jewish gabardine pg. 15 This shows how Antoni o despises the Jews, and this is what prejudice is. Jane Austens novel, Pride and Prejudice and Shakespeare play, The Merchant of Venice where write in two totally different time periods. The Merchant of Venice was written in 1596, because it is so tardy in history the language that Shakespeare uses is very old and different from other plays.In 1596, many people could not tape so a play was very useful. The audience for The Merchant of Venice would manly be suited for the older generation. Pride and Prejudice was written in 1813, many more people could read in 1813 so an interesting novel was well suited. The novel was aimed at readers like characters in the novel. both Jane Austen and Shakespeare wrote many stories that people still read today. Another way that Jane Austen and Shakespeare present strong feelings is through the doings of the characters.From showing strong feeling through behaviour the reader or audience can all the way see what the characters feeling for whate ver the emotion is. In Pride and Prejudice the behaviour of the characters is very important as we can see what they are feeling- Oh my dear Eliza Pray make haste and come into the dining room, for there is such a sight to be seen pg. 132 From this quote you can clearly see that Maria, Charlottes sister, is incredibly phrenetic that Lady Catherine has arrived at her house, but she makes a mistake, its only Mrs Jenkinson.Jane Austen presents strong feeling in this quote of excitement and anticipation. In The Merchant of Venice there is many strong feelings presents by Shakespeare through behaviour. Shakespeare presents these strong feelings through behaviour so the audience can see what the character is feeling. O noble judge, O excellent young man pg. 76 This is when Portia, disguised as the judge says Shylock can have his bond a pound of flesh of Antonio. Shakespeare present Shylock very excited and happy through his behaviour and the tone of voice that Shakespeare makes Shylock use.Furthermore, Jane Austen and Shakespeare present strong feelings in Pride and Prejudice and The Merchant of Venice through points of great intensity. This is a great way that the reader and audience can see strong feeling and great intensity Elizabeth finds out that Darcy has been instrumental in getting her sister and Bingley together, which makes her very happy. After rumours of a forthcoming engagement between Darcy and Elizabeth start to surface before Darcy has even proposed, Elizabeth is more than a little anxious when she and Darcy take a walk together.Elizabeths feelings towards Darcy have completely changes since his first proposal, the two are now both in love with each other, by Darcy is not sure of this and says If your feelings are still what they were last April, tell me so at once pg. 303 This moment is a moment of great intensity for the reader as you are not sure that Elizabeth is going to say The reader can become very anxious for Darcy and Elizabeth. Jane Au sten shows feelings through this scene because it is a very good way for the reader to become a part of the book.

Good and Bad Discrimination Essay Example for Free

Good and tough Discrimination EssayWhen the word discrimination is brought up there is an automatic negative response, due to the circumstance that most set out this idea that there is only bad discrimination. This comes from tidy sum using stereotypes and being outrage which creates detrimental situations. However, when a person discriminates it does not mean they atomic number 18 trying to be harmful. Discrimination is when unitary distinctively favors or is against certain groups, categories, populate, and classes and or things that whitethorn come from them.Discrimination its self is not bad, save the things that can stem from it, be actually what declares people look at it negatively. nation discriminate for umpteen reasons such as religion, unravel, and even for business and employment. It is one thing to have a preference everywhere something else just now to actually deny a person over what race, or religion they be is perverse. this instant there are some positives when decisions are made intimately things depending on an individuals race or religion. There are people who only want to date or marry to the resembling race, religion, culture, category, class, and things like that.And that does not always mean that they are being racist, stereotypical, wrong or anything of that nature further that they simple are particular. There are even laws that require for workplaces to accommodate for their employees religion just on their religious practices will not develop problems to the employer. However, in the eyes of the employer they may feel as though if they indeed hire someone with certain beliefs that conflict may arise even if they are unintentional, and a decision maybe made to avoid that. Which is a decent argument but it still is a skeletal system of discrimination.One of the biggest reasons people discriminate is that they are actually afraid of what they may or may not understand. The fear of that which is resisten t, that which we do not understand, could have been an adaptive strategy early on in our history (Why Does Discrimination Occur?. Ehow. com ). Instead of learning how to live with something and become more educated about it they cast it out. Especially if it is something that it out of the norm, or different. Such as homosexuality, a plenitude of people are homophobic. They have an unreasonable fear of homosexuals and which they may have their reasons as to why.Some people take it last(prenominal) the limits to make people are attracted to the same sex feel different, unaccepted, or unwanted all because they are ignorant of that culture. They have no idea what it is like and instead of trying to comprehend, they use negativity. Now there is nothing wrong with not being gay, and disagreeing with it but an opinion does not have to be verbalised in a way that may be harmful. Just because a person is not aside of a certain group does not excuse the act of disrespecting another group or category.A lot of individuals will argue that it is only when wrong, and that it should not be permitted due to religious reasoning. Yes, that does make a lot of since, but I am very sure that many people do things that go against their religion all the time, they just happen to be discrete. Some people are afraid or have been brought up to not over step the boundaries so when others do not abide by the same rules they are automatically looked down upon. Society assigns everyone a certain social identity.Which ever category a person is placed they tend to accept others who are from the same group as they are. outrage is derived from our tendency to divide world into us and them( Musa, Prejudice Discrimination and Stereotype). This causes great division between people which is one of the reasons why a lot of people categorize other individuals. Being that prejudice, discrimination, and stereotype are in society there are social aspects and effects. Exposure to derogatory ethnic labels can hassle conformity pressures with people wanting to fit-in ( Musa, Prejudice Discrimination and Stereotype). Generally people fear to be friendless so they go with the crowd.Afraid that if they choose not to agree then they might become socially unexpected. People can reduce their reliance on stereotypes by consciously saying no to standoff between stereotypes and specific social groups ( Musa, Prejudice Discrimination and Stereotype). It would make a lot of since for people to simply not discriminate sadly that simply will not happen. Either way it may go it is up to the person on what they will choose to do, but social impact has a lot to do with the decisions people make. Social influence plays a role in both maintenance and decrease discrimination, prejudice, and stereotypes.Evidence suggesting that members of their group hold less prejudiced views are out of line with most people of their group, they may change their views. ( Musa, Prejudice Discrimination and St ereotype). It may be conceived that because someone is guilty of discrimination that she is mean, indignant and hateful, which very well may be the case. However, when we understand that within us all lies some form of discrimination, whether passive or aggressive, it should once again lead us to the conclusion that, of course, it is very easy to discriminate. (Why Is It So Easy To Discriminate? , eHow. com).Every person has their preferences, how they choose to go about them is completely their discretion. There are those who are prejudice, stereotypical, and who discriminate negatively acknowledge it and own up to it. Each and every one of us stereotype and have a prejudice of something. Every single one of us. I stereotype dilate people. I make fun of them, I call them lazy. Is it right? No. Should people suffering from obesity be kept from living their lives because of my prejudice and stereotypes of them?Absolutely not. (Kriss 2010). Those who do discriminate have a promont ory of view and some respectively explain them. Kriss discriminates against fat people, does she have that right? Yes, she knows that she should not do it, but she still stands by her opinion no matter what anyone else thinks. Everyone discriminates to a center extent because everyone has their own opinions, and make their own decision with different dependents. Yet and still there things that are wrong which happen to be connected to discriminating and even misconceptions.The way a person behaves is by far their own choice. People are raised differently, have different life experiences, and choose to surround themselves with certain crowds that may differ from others. There are exceptions and there are non exceptions, but being close minded will bring nothing but ignorance. There will always be discrimination because everyone will always have a preference. and there is really nothing that can be done about it. Also prejudice and stereotypes that comes with life. Everything has a po sitive and a negative.

Halifax & Bank of Scotland Essay Example for Free

Halifax Bank of Scotland EssayThe UK has one of the most diverse and dynamic banking trustyaments in the world. Banking is now a highly competitive industry. Financial consumers atomic number 18 now more sophisticated as they are now more aware of available banking options. The assets of the UK banking system were i 3,441bn (August 2001), which were dominated by a dozen or so retail banks, with national networks, mostly serving domestic, personal and corporate customers. Currently, the heavy(p) four banks HSBC, the Royal Bank of Scotland, Lloyds TSB and Barclays, dominate retail and business banking, jointly accounting for 68% of only UK current accounts. Both Halifax, founded in 1853, and 306-year-old Bank of Scotland are seen as business icons in their regions. Halifax is based in England, while the Bank of Scotland has very few branches south of the border. A merger between these firms would increase the geographic scope for potential customers. Halifax started as a bui lding society and is now more widely cognise as a big mortgage lender. In the wider community, the Halifax Bank has a very active community-banking sector catering for charity and non- benefit organizations including housing associations, credit unions and community development operations.In comparison, the Bank of Scotlands strength lies in the corporate trade. It would seem very likely that two firms would like to achieve higher cabbageability and increase opportunity with cross-selling products to each others customers. For example, the products developed by Halifax could be marketed effectively to Bank of Scotlands customers and vice versa. Because both banks operate complementary activities, it is possible the combining of both firms entrust result in synergies, which may as well as result in increased efficiency. There may also be opportunities to achieve savings through cutting some unnecessary costs.For example, the amount of staff needed for the have firm is likely to be reduced. By merging together, the size of the feature firm will certainly increase, thus leveraging the combined spend to negotiate better deals. The market position of the combined firm will be strengthened. Its market share inwardly the industry will increase, maybe even enough to compete with the big-four banks, thus increase the competition within the banking industry. In reality, there are wide ranges of techniques that can help meditate a firms slaying some firms may base their performance on sales, whereas others through the quality of products.Economists usually analyse a firms performance based on the amount of bring in it is making. For a thorough analysis, this paper will be looking at the firms market value, profitability, stability, value for shareholders, efficiency, and capital adequacy. It must be noted that firms within the banking sector are subject to many economic uncertainties, which can influence how well a firm is doing from year to year. In this case, these uncertainties include interest judge, employment rates, as well as the condition of the righteousness markets. For example, the base rate in January 2000 was 5.75%, however, at January 2002, the base rate was at 4. 00%5.To analyse the performance of the banks forward and after the merger, the firms financial accounts will be examined and ratios will also be calculated. 6 The main performance indicators that will be analysed include Profit before tax Total assets Dividends and Earnings per share. In addition, the renovation on equity, costincome ratio and the firms capital strength will be examined. These ratios will give a clear assessment of the firms performance compared with that of other firms.Before the merger, in 2000, Halifax and Bank of Scotland had market values of $22,105million and $11,762million respectively. Post-merger, in 2002, HBOS then had a market value in excess of $31billion7. This immediately signifies the success of the merger, as the combined c ompany is worth now worth a lot more in the market. frame 1 Profit before tax From an economic point of view, it is important that a firm makes a profit otherwise there would be no point of the existence of the firm. The Profit Loss account of a firm shows the results of trading over the previous 12 months. It shows the net effect of income less expenses.The reason that profit before tax is analysed rather than profit after tax is due to the fact that interest rates and inflation changes could affect the amount of tax that is paid each year. In 2000, Halifax made i 1,715million profit (before tax), compared with Bank of Scotland, which made i 911million. It would be expected that when both companies have merged together, the pre-tax profit should increase. Figure 1 shows that in 2002, HBOS made a pre-tax profit of i 2,909million, which is more than the separate firms pre-tax profit added together. This shows that HBOS are actually performing better than the previously separate fi rms.

Asi Questions Essay Example for Free

Asi Questions EssayThe Interview Format Does It cook to be an Interview? This is perhaps the virtu exclusivelyy often asked question regarding the ASI. In the search for faster and easier methods of stash a port entropy many clinicians and researchers go for asked for a self-administered (either by computer or paper and pencil) variance of the actor. We deport non sanctioned the use of a self-administered version for several cerebrates. First, we have tested the reliability and rigorousness of the severity ratings by having raters use just the in arrangeion that has been collected on the form without the interview. This has resulted in genuinely poor estimates of line severity and essenti solelyy no concurrent reliability. Second, we have been sensitive to problems of illiteracy among segments of the core group abusing population. Even among the literate there be problems of attention, interest and comprehension that atomic number 18 especi everyy relevant to this population. Finally, since the instrument is often use as part of the initial clinical valuation, it has been our philosophy that it is weighty to have social advert for at least one part of that initial evaluation.We see this as hardly creation polite and supportive to a patient with problems. We have seen no convincing demonstration that the interview format produces worse (less reli qualified or reasoned) schooling than other methods of administration and we have found that particularly among few segments of the inwardness abusing population (eg. the psychiatrically ill, elderly, conf employ and physically sick) the interview format may be the only workable method for insuring studying of the questions asked. Particularly in the clinical situation, the general demeanor or feel of a patient is poorly captured without person-to-person contact and this can be an substantial supplemental source of randomness for clinical staff. at that place be of course many useful, sensible and reliable self-administered instruments appropriate for the substance jest at population. For example, we have routinely apply selfadministered questionnaires and other instruments with very satisfactory results (eg. Beck Depression Inventory, MAST, SCL-90, etc.) but these are ordinarily very focussed instruments that have achieved validity and consistency by asking numerous questions related to a single theme (eg. depression, alcohol abuse, etc.).The ASI is purposely broadly focussed for the purposes outlined above, and we have not been in(predicate) in creating a viable self-administered instrument that can efficiently collect the range of information sought-after(a) by the ASI. Thus, it should be clear that at this writing there is no reliable or valid version of the ASI that is self-administered and there is currently no plan for graveling this format for the instrument. We would of course be persuaded by comparative data from a reliable, valid and usef ul self-administered version of the ASI and this is an open invitation to interested parties. Role of the Interviewer What are the qualifications needed for an ASI interviewer? Having indicated the importance of the interview process it follows that the most important part of the ASI is the interviewer who collects the information. The interviewer is not simply the record-keeper of a series of subjective statements.The interviewer is responsible for the integrity of the information collected and must be unbidden to repeat, paraphrase and essay until he/she is satisfied that the patient down the stairsstands the question and that the answer reflects the best judgment of the patient, reconciled with the intent of the question. It must be emphasized that the interviewer must understand the intent of each question. This is very important since despite the range of situations and unusual answers that we have described in the manual, a new exception or previously unheard of situation occurs virtually each week. Thus, ASI interviewers should not expect to find answers in the workbook to all of the unusual situations that they will encounter in using the ASI. Instead it will be critical for the interviewer to understand the intent of the question, to probe for the most complete information available from the patient and then to record the most appropriate answer, including a comment.There is a very basic set of personal qualities prerequisite for win over state a proficient interviewer. First, the prospective interviewer must be personable and supportive capable of forming good ringing with a range of patients who may be difficult. It is no secret that many mortals have negative feelings about substance abusers and these feelings are revealed to the patients very quickly, thereby compromising any form of rapport. Second, the interviewer must be able to help the patient separate the problem areas and to examine them individually using the questions provided . Equally important qualities in the prospective interviewer are the basic intelligence to understand the intent of the questions in the interview and the commitment to collection the information in a responsible manner. There are no clear-cut educational or background characteristics that have been reliably associated with the ability to perform a proficient ASI interview.We have ingenious a wide range of people to administer the ASI, including receptionists, college students, police/probation officers, physicians, professional interviewers and even a research psychologist There have been people from each of these groups who were simply unsuited to performing interviews and were excluded during take ining (perhaps 10% of all those trained) or on subsequent reliability checks. Reasons for exclusion were usually because they simply couldnt form reasonable rapport with the patients, they were not sensitive to lack of understanding or distrust in the patient, they were not able to e ffectively probe initially confused answers with supplemental clarifying questions or they simply didnt agree with the approach of the ASI (examining problems individually earlier than as a function of substance abuse). With regard to assisting the interviewer in checking for understanding and consistency during the interview, there are many reliability checks built into the ASI. They are discussed in some detail in the workbook and they have been used effectively to get over the quality and consistency of the collected data. unfeelingness Ratings How important and useful are they? It is remarkable that the severity ratings were historically the last items to be included on the ASI. They were considered to be interesting but non-essential items that were a summary convenience for people who wished a quick general profile of a patients problem status. They were only provided for clinical convenience and never intended for research use. It was surprising and interesting for us to find that when interviewers were trained comparably and appropriately, these severity estimates were reliable and valid across a range of patient types and interviewer types. Further, they remain a useful clinical summary that we continue to use regularly but only for initial interference planning and referral.A Note on Severity It should be bloodlined that much of the reason for the reliability and validity of these severity ratings is the structured interview format and the strict (some would say arbitrary) definition of severity that we have adopted ie.need for superfluous treatment. Many users of the ASI have selected the instrument exclusively for research purposes and these ratings have never been used for this purpose especially as outcome measures. Other users do not agree with our definition of severity. notwithstanding others do not have the time or inclination to check and recheck severity estimates among their various interviewers. For all of these potential users the severity ratings would not be useful or worth the investment of man-hours required to train reliability. Even for those with primary clinical uses, these ratings are not essential and are perhaps the most vulnerable of all the ASI items to the influences of poor interviewing skills, patient misrepresentation or lack of comprehension and even the surroundings under which the interview is conducted.Therefore, it is entirely acceptable to train ASI interviewers and to use the ASI without referral to the severity ratings. Composite loads What are they for, wherefore were they constructed this way and what are the norms? Users familiar with earlier editions of the ASI know there is a separate manual intentional to describe their use and to show how to calculate them (See Composite Scores from the dependance Severity Index McGahan et al. 1986). The manifold scores have been developed from combinations of items in each problem area that are capable of demo change (ie. based on the prior thirty day period, not lifetime) and that offer the most internally consistent estimate of problem status.The complicated formulas used in the calculation of these intricates are necessary to insure equal weighting of all items in the composite. These composites have been very useful to researchers as mathematically vowelize measures of change in problem status but have had almost no value to clinicians as indications of current status in a problem area. This is callable to the failure on our part to develop and publish normative values for representative groups of substance abuse patients (eg. methadone maintained males, cocaine dependent females in drug free treatment, etc.). At the risk of being defensive, our primary interest was measuring change among our local patients and not comparing the current problem status of various patient groups across the country. Further, we simply did not foresee the range of interest that has been shown in the instrument. A Note on Norms for the Composite Scores At this writing, we are collecting ASI data from a variety of patient samples across the country.These samples will be used to convert the composite raw scores into T-scores with a mean of 50 and a measuring deviation of 10 (as MMPI and SCL-90 scores are presented). Our intention is to publish these normative data and to circulate copies of the tables to all individuals who have sent to us for ASI packets. We will also provide programs written in Basic, Lotus 123 or Excelto calculate these composite scores and to convert existing composite scores into Tscores. In this way we hope to make up for the lack of standardization that has been a problem with the composite scores to this time. take into account Populations Can I use the ASI with samples of Substance Abusing Prisoners or Psychiatrically Ill Substance Abusers? Because the ASI has been shown to be reliable and valid among substance abusers applying for treatment, many workers in related fields have used the ASI with substance abusing samples from their populations.For example, the ASI has been used at the time of incarceration and/or parole/probation to evaluate substance abuse and other problems in iniquitous populations. In addition, because of the widespread substance abuse among mentally ill and homeless populations, the ASI has also been used among these groups. man we have collaborated with many workers on the use of the instrument with these populations it should be clear that there are no reliability or validity studies of the instrument in these populations. This of course does not mean that the ASI is necessarily disenable with these groups, only that its test parameters have not been established.In fact, workers from these fields have turned to the ASI because they felt that no other suitable instrument was available. In cases where this is true, it is likely that the ASI would be a better choice than creating a totally new instrument. However, it is import ant to note circumstances that are likely to reduce the value of data from the ASI among these groups. For example, when used with a treatment seeking sample and an independent, trained interviewer, there is less reason for a potential substance abuser to misrepresent (even under these circumstances it still happens). In circumstances where individuals are being evaluated for probation/parole or jail there is obviously much more likelihood of misrepresentation. Similarly, when the ASI is used with psychiatrically ill substance abusers who are not necessarily seeking (and possibly avoiding) treatment, there is often reason to suspect denial, confusion and misrepresentation. Again, there is currently no suitable alternative instrument or subroutine available that will insure valid, accurate responses under these conditions. The consistency checks built into the ASI may even be of some benefit in these circumstances. However, it is important to realize the limits of the instrument.Reg ardless, systematic tests of the reliability and validity of the ASI in populations of substance abusers within the criminal justice system and within the mental health system are necessary but have not been done and this is an open invitation to interested parties. A Special Note on Adolescent Populations Despite the fact that we have repeatedly published warnings for potential users of the ASI regarding the lack of reliability, validity and improvement of the instrument with adolescent populations there remain instances where the ASI has been used in this inappropriate manner. Again, the ASI is not appropriate for adolescents due to its underlying assumptions regarding self-sufficiency and because it simply does not address issues (eg. school, peer relations, family problems from the perspective of the adolescent, etc.) that are critical to an evaluation of adolescent problems.At this writing, there are two versions of the ASI that have been developed for adolescent populations and have shown at least initial evidence of reliability and validity in this population. A third instrument is not in the same format as the ASI but has shown excellent reliability and validity. Interested readers may contact these individuals directly for more information about these instruments. Kathy Meyers, Research Department, Carrier Foundation, Belle Meade, New Jersey Carrier Addiction Severity Index or Yifrah Kaminer, Adolescent Chemical Dependency Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa. Teen Addiction Severity Index or Al Friedman, Adolescent Substance Abuse Program, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia Psychiatric Center, Phila., Pa. Adolescent medicate and Alcohol Diagnostic Assessment ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS FOR THE ASI Can I ask additional questions and/or cut some of the current items?As indicated above, the ASI was designed to capture the minimum information necessary to evaluate the constitution and severity of patients treatm ent problems at treatment admission and at follow-up. For this reason, we have always encouraged the addition of particular questions and/or additional instruments in the course of evaluating patients. In our own work we have routinely used the MAST, an AIDS questionnaire, additional family background questions and some self-administered psychological tests. We do not endorse the elimination or substitution of items currently on the ASI. Again, the ASI items (regardless of whether they are good or bad for particular individual needs) have been tested for reliability and validity as individual items and as part of the composite and/or severity scores. The elimination or substitution of existing items could significantly reduce the reliability and comparability of these ASI scores.It is possible to eliminate whole sections (problem areas) of the ASI if particular problems are not applicable for precise populations or the focus of specific treatment interventions. In the current vers ion of the ASI and in this workbook, we have included a set of additional items and instruments that have been developed by us and others over the past ten years, to add information in areas that are now inadequately covered by the existing ASI questions. The items themselves are presented on the latest version of the form (See Appendix 1) and the specific instructions for asking these questions and for interpreting the answers are discussed in each of the problem areas in the Specific Instructions part of the workbook. It should be clear that we have not used these items in the calculation of the composite scores or in the determination of severity estimates.Obviously,the use of additional information for these purposes would alter the reliability and validity of the ASI and reduce the comparability of the resulting scores across sites and time points. Thus it is important to stress that the use of earlier ASI versions will still provide comparable data on the composite scores and on the majority of items, since they have not been changed or eliminated, only supplemented in the current version. In addition to these items, there has also been significant work over the past ten years in the development of general and specialized information collection interviews and questionnaires for substance abusers. Some of these instruments bear special note in that they can be used instead of or in addition to the ASI to provide enhance or specialized information. Some of the more widely used and better validated instruments are presented under but the interested reader is advised to consult the tests and measurements literature for additional information.

The conflict between different attitudes to loyalty Essay Example for Free

The conflict between different billets to loyalty EssayHow does Shakespeare put on stage the conflict between different attitudes to loyalty? How in effect do you think he does this? On stage we are introduced to two different vogues of leadership. Shakespeare uses the fagot and Hal to act as contrasts of leadership. We takethe female monarch as a scary ogre, who is to be feared. When we first meet the king he is easily angered as he is not obeyed by Hotspur, as he does not hand over the prisoners which he has captured. This shows that the king immediately demands obedience and respect.Whenever someone is addressing the king, they c entirely him my liege or my lord. This again shows that people fear him, as they feel they must respect him. However, when we first meet Hal, Prince of Wales, Falstaff addresses him with Hal and lad, which shows that people do not fear Hal as much, and that he is not as respected. Hal mingles with the common people, and he feels at home in the p ub with his mates. This style of leadership is in contrast to his fathers, the King. Hal does not demand respect and obedience .He is content with others devising jokes at him and having a laugh. Falstaff says to Hal for a fine thief of the age of two and twenty or in that locationabouts. Falstaff is suggesting that Hal is boring, save Hal is satisfied with being called this, whereas if it was the King who had received this comment, he would puddle got groundless at being insulted. Hal himself enjoys a laugh with his mates, even if it means that someone is disadvantaged by it. For example he plays a dodge on Falstaff, by allowing him to carry out a robbery and then the prince himself robs Falstaff.Hal did this just to show Falstaff up, and to declare a fool of him, of which he does. Hal mixes with thieves and drunks, people of which his father would not approve. If Hal becomes king, it seems that he allow not kick in the power and respect that his father had, because of th e steering he acts. It is not fit for the Prince of Wales to go on robberies, and procure drunk in local pubs. People will lack respect for him and he will bemuse no authority. In the scene with the King, we see him as not a very attractive character. He speaks in a manner which is slow, serious, and very stern.This introduction to the king is important as it is the audiences first enamor of him and they decide straight away what sort of character he is. This, almost evil presence well-nigh the King make waters even the audience fear him, which is why the other characters in the play fear him. This is the kings way of leading his people. By being strict, snobbish, stern and fearful, this is why people follow him. We see the King drop off his temper when he is disobeyed by Hotspur in the beg inning of the play when Hotspur refuses to hand over some prisoners, and we in same(p) manner see him lose his temper over Hal because of Hals behaviour.God pardon thee Yet let me wonder, Harry, at thy affections, which do hold a wing quite from the flight of all thy ancestors. The King here is getting angry with his own son, as he feels Hal approach to leadership and King is far different than his own or his ancestors. We do not see the King any more angered here with his own son, than he is with Hotspur earlier on. Hals approach is far different. When we first meet him he is smiling and having a joke with Falstaff, and admitting how his lifestyle is poor by thieving, and is like a shot planning yet another one.This first impression does not make us see Hal as a leader, as he is irresponsible, and immature. He does not appear to be someone which we would look up to and respect and obey, we are more wish wellly to argue back at him or simply be disobedience. It is difficult for the audience to see him ruling a country as king. It is the lack of respect that people have for him that makes the audience feel this way. afterward Falstaff was robbed, he comes back t o the inn and addresses Hal with A kings son If I do not beat thee out of thy kingdom and You, Prince of Wales .Falstaff may have been let down by Hal as he did not help him in the robbery like was planned, nevertheless it is not normal for a normal person such as Falstaff to insult the Prince of Wales like that, and tell him that he is not suitable to be Prince. This is how people talk to Hal, without fear or respect. Shakespeare has effectively used Hal and the King as contrasts of leadership, and this is clear and easy to see. It is even more apparent when the King orders Hal to him to demonstrate his behaviour. The King becomes emotional at this stage and begins to compare Hal to Richard II.It is clear that the King does not approve of Hals attitude to leadership. What happens next is important, for Hal vows to his father that he will be more myself, and that he will change all of his ways. However, the next scene we see him pretending to ride a horse in the pub with Falstaff. After he vows to change, it is strange to see him act like this. It appears that despite what his father wants, he wishes to lead in his own way. The kings leadership qualities are mainly the fear which her gives out, withal he speaks in poetry a lot, so he is a good speaker.He is able to address people and talk to them in a way that they will enjoy and remember. The King appears to consider things before acting upon. How ever with Hal we do not see many leadership qualities. Although one advantage Hal has is that he knows his faults, he is aware of himself, and he uses his faults to gain popularity with his locals. However, one leadership quality we see is when Hal plans the robbery on Falstaff, this was cleverly put together it is not the type of quality we look for in a King. The audience may see him now as a king in the making.Soon we hear him speaking in poetry which reminds us of his father and how he is becoming a king. It appears Hals ideas of being king are different fro m the kings, for he will be a sly king. He will not be bothered if others suffer because of him. As long as he is at an advantage he is happy. The current King may also do this, but in a different way. For Hal does this whilst drinking with common people, and thieving, whereas the King is apart from social club and it appears he looks down on them and gives them no respect.How are people going to carry on respecting him if he does not show any signs of respecting others. Hal on the other hand may get more respect, but will find it hard to keep control of his people. Shakespeare has made an on stage battle of the contrasts in leadership. It is not evident as to which one is the correct one to use, but we can clearly see the advantages and disadvantages of both. Shakespeare has used the different types of leaderships in Hal and the King to create suspense on stage.Hal we see as a nice guy and someone who we can get on with, and because of this, we have a liking for him, and we cover what happens to him. However, we may not like the King as much as Hal, but we still wish well what happens to him. This is because he demands respect so much on stage that we immediately we take an interest and tinge as to what happens to him. This suspense is evident throughout the play, and it keeps the audience interested. Shakespeare has arranged the play so that we see the King and his associates in one scene, Falstaff and Hal in another, and Hotspur in another.So it is like having three little stories going on at once. These changes to different characters are deliberate, as it allows the audience a break. As if the play just cogitate on Hal and Falstaff, the suspense would be so great and constant that the audience would lose concentration. It would be also much to take in. A play needs suspense, but at the same time there needs to be breaks from that suspense for the audience to really appreciate the play, and Shakespeare has achieved this well.

Critical Thinking and Perception Essay Example for Free

Critical Thinking and comprehension EssayWhat is real? Our intelligence of reality is very(prenominal) much a product of the environment in which we live. In general, we formulate ideas of reality based on our testify experiences as well as the experiences of the people around us. Our lives are influenced constantly by our surroundings. I rightfully recollect that perception is a learned skill and not instinctive. Outside of our communities, television, radio and movies sculpt our perception of the outside world. I think most of my idea at the ordinary level is based on perception, language, and information. At the most there is one logical systemal system step If this than that. I think most thinking push backs place in the perceptual stage. These are the questions that arise, How much do I take in? and how do I look at things? This perception is based on habits of perceptions and what I hear, what I read and how I express myself. I understand that we do not need to u se much explicit logic because we have already built the logic into our language. For example, killing is bad unless justified by war or self-dense. I know that with decisions I followed what was recommended and what my friends were doing and then rationalized it with the following rationalization Everyone does this and the stock rises for a while and when the marketplace eventually gets a severe correction I rationalize that as well.This rationalization is based on informationnot all-available information but a selection that fits what I was prepared to do anyway. I think that logic can be used to reinforce perceptions (and prejudices) but logic and argument give not turn perceptions. Perception is more than sensing it is processing, reacting, and interpreting. Faith Bryne describes perception as, detecting the nature of both outer and cozy worlds. In many cases, it also means responding in some way, either consciously or unconsciously. (Perception, 57) Perception is the way w e look at things and I think processing is what we do with that perception. In my view if we take processing for granted then perception becomes even more important, because the way we look at a situation will determine what we can do about it. The influences (family, teachers, religion, race, environment, and economic level) that have shaped or in condition(p) my identity by instilling values, beliefs, view stains or attitudes that I have accepted without challenge serves as a perceptual block. The situations in which I am less of an individual because of these influences occur when I react to understand someone elses opinion or look for other points of view because of something I have been conditioned to believe is true.I am not one who handles others opinions without asking for them. I am not very consistent in ensuring that my opinions are informed. Often times I have not taken circumspect consideration of the evidence and have treated opinions as facts especially if I have ex pressed it to the point that I have begun to believe it as truth. At times, in what matters most I am inclined to assume too much and take too much for granted. I feel the strongest urge to set when someone is a positive role model and conforming to this type of behavior I believe adds value. However, a situation in which this conformist trend has interfered with my judgment is following others because it seemed the lesser of two evils. tout ensemble to often at the workplace this is how some decisions are made just to close an issue that in conclusion will recycle. Additionally, I tend to jump or make hasty conclusions more often than I would like. This occurs more so in the area of personal relationships. I have learned that there are some errors and bad habits that can lead to shallow or uncritical decisions instead of careful judgments.I have gained the most insight from the following errors and bad habits, which are Resistance to change (habits), Conformity, Rationalization , Stereotyping, common sense, Oversimplification, precipitous conclusions, and unwarranted assumptions. I think the real key to each the of errors and habits mentioned above is my being conscious of the tendency to do them and to get into the habit of applying and practicing the different ways or approaches to avoiding the blocks to critical thinking. This will be an ongoing process if I am to be in control of my own beliefs, and to somehow gain an sagacity of the truth, then I must know what good reasoning is, and be aware of the ways in which my reasoning (and that of others) can go astray. How I tend to perceive certain situations in my life and how others may see it may not always agree with my thinking. This is a big obstacle that I will have to work on being better at and learning how to understand others perceptions.ReferencesBrynie, Faith Hickman. (2001). Perception. Blackbirch Press, Inc. (p 57

Uniform accounting standards produce Essay Example for Free

Uniform news report standards produce EssayIn the last decade, motley countries most the globe wealthy person shifted towards a uniform accounting system standards or the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The main motive behind this movement is to come up with a global language for accounting which leave alone be comparable and understandable beyond the borders of a nation. As of today about 120 countries conduct IFRS for domestically listed companies, although only about 90 countries know fully conformed to IFRS . While some argue that it is undeniable to have a system of accounting that is clear and transparent to global investors and companies, some others are infidel about it being efficient. Furthermore, some feel that the costs of implementing IFRS can be too high and because uniform accounting allow not be worth the cost. Hence, critically analyzing IFRS and understanding its impact on accounting principles will help us to recognize the cost s and benefits of this system. One of the main objectives of IFRS is to ontogenesis the force and transparency in accounting. However, the main tension in the model rests due to the non- uniform nature of firms as well as nations. For instance, countries differ on myriad ways such as capital and patience markets, nature of government, involvement of government in the company and so forth. Similarly, firms differ from each other in various ways including size, growth, types of products, geographical location and technological advancement . Therefore, coming up with a little accounting system or a set of principles to fit all of these can be challenging. Thus, IFRS uses a principle based system, rather than a rule based system which will allow the companies to impose IFRS according to their situation and prepare their statements.However, this flexibility can itself be seen as a big down- locating of this system. This will provide a way for companies to manipulate the statements which in turn can encourage fraud. Trancy Coenen comparing the fraud under the system of GAAP and IFRS says that, As IFRS is largely based on judgment in applying principles, it only stands to reason that the risk of fraud in the financial statements will increase with the change . For example, bazar Value judgment is one of the corner stones of IFRS system of accounting. However, it is unclear as to who gets to value things and how can these figures checked for reliability. Thus, IFRS, which is created to form a uniform and transparent system of accounting can itself be given to non-uniform accounting devotes with rattling little information about who makes the judgment behind numbers presented inthe financial statements. Furthermore, another life-and-death concern that rises with the implementation of IFRS is the balance between the capital allocation benefit of a uniform accounting standard against the social cost of forcing diverse firms to adhere to the same rigid standar d says Korok Ray, a professor of Economics from George Washington University . Hence, for a small company the cost of shifting from its current accounting practice to IFRS might be too high whereas for a big company it might be small. Furthermore, the succession in which all the companies will have to shift from their old system to IFRS can decrease the forest of the financial statements. Lack of experience in this new system of accounting can too increase mistakes making the system less accurate .Nevertheless, it is undeniable that in an increasingly more globalized world, a cross-border accounting system will immensely benefit firms and investors. This system will lead to investment comparisons between various countries, making investors better off. In fact, Marc Fogarty, a Certified Public Accountant says that the single set of standards will cut down the costs to which foreign companies investing in the U.S. markets will have to adhere. He also believes that, the U.S. GAAP s tandards along with other strict accounting regulations have long been deterrent to foreign companies assay to raise money in the U.S. capital markets . Small investors will be benefited from this change, as they will have an access to more financial information which can be easily understood. In short, implementing IFRS will lead to easy to understand, clear and efficient financial data which will be made available to the oecumenical public. Just the implementation of IFRS does not mean investors are protected against fraud or misrepresentation of a companys financial statement. In addition, IFRS also has numerous short term problems that can have a huge impact on its initial adaption and implementation. However, companys and investors can protect themselves against risks by learning IFRS which will increase their understanding of the financial statement. This will not only help them to critically analyze the numbers represented on the statement but also help them to better cont rast and contrast one statement from the other nationally or internationally.

Luxury Industry in France Essay Example for Free

Luxury Industry in France EssayLuxury is artificial interpretation and chamberpotnot be easily transferred into real life. It is a notion of anything that is delectationless and superfluous in real life. However, it can be often associated with beauty (art, entertainment, rule, decor or trend) and remains virtuoso of the driving forces behind hunting lodges spending. It is true that extravagance speaks and renowns itself by big spending and thus, outlandish outgo is often associated with it. The military personnel sumptuousness market is worth more(prenominal) than than $130 billions and France is the country which owns the largest number of companies in the high life and historically always been trend setter in the highlife market. Some of the worlds shell symbol of lavish lifestyle is essentially French ( such as Don Perignon champagne, Louis Vitton handbags or flannel truffles as a culinary ingredient). French is the language of choice for aristotles and diploma ts. Shortly, France has long heritage in loss leadership and dominating extravagance market and therefore is an appropriate background for my analysis. 1. Luxury industry presentation The opulence industry is based on p dwellige cross offs which overleap luxury market and its spectre e. g. Perfumes, fashion practice called Haute Couture, jewellery, leather, shoes and accessories.Fashion and luxury goods have an annual turnover of 35 billion in France (campus. org 2006). master(prenominal) players on the market argon LVMH, Chanel and Hermes International. In the sector of luxury especially la Haute Couture, lavishness is a notion difficult to comprehend. The leading designers such as Jean Paul Gauthier kept the introvert and indeed humble image for divisions, before breaking the bank with their designs. We need to limit our seeking because there atomic number 18 130 brands in France (Comite Colbert Website 2005) that one third is present on the market.For this reason I hav e chosen to detail through of a committee in Paris which gathers 70 best houses in the luxury sector and later more precisely LVMH. In last century, the sector of the fashion of French thriftiness underwent a profound transplant. Home-made brands started to gradually expand and explore wider audience, targeting not only Paris, but also rest of the France and later Europe, Asia, finally the whole world. Their domination on the global market was mainly achieved thanks to with child(p) history and heritage of the brands, quality of the product, trend setting ability of Paris and social notion of luxury desire.So, the big creators, both in the high fashion and in the perfume, were steadily replaced as dominating figures by designers. The marketing and the advertising become the most important in the sector products became increasingly similar so the brand identity was essential. From the end of the 19TH century, some names have led, such as Guerlain in the flagrance or Worth in the haute couture. These designers are at the origin of a luxury depth miscellanea by contributing to expand, differentiate and create new background and clientele from the elites to the masses.This period was dated as the one of the birth of a new luxury and a blooming of the fashion arts. Everything in this theatrical role is based on the annual report on Comite Colbert Website 2007. To gather skills and the strengths of every luxury designers, Guerlain created Comite Colbert in 1954 with 70 houses from the luxury brands. This partnership reinforces know-how of each brand and they storage area developing it. Furthermore Paris is the worldwide smashing famous for its tourism and high quality products. They count 10. 5% of increase of turnover every year (2005).Despite the international competition such as New-York or Milan Paris has to keep its leadership and to admit the most to the influence of Paris. This comite or Colbert committee organizes events (catwalks and salons) and t ries to sword sure that Paris is regarded as a pileus of luxury in the world. For the generation to come, they invest in the education of future designers or skilled workers to make the products of tomorrow. In Paris it is endowed with couture college these have been in charge by the houses to learn traditional techniques. nevertheless they work closely with design schools in Paris organizing competition between design schools to choose the elite, the best students of this competitive examination. Every structure, knowledge and human resources is centred on Paris. All of these condition factors are concentrated in only one place in order to build every advantage and to get give out and better. Capital resources are due to companies investments working in luxury sector and investing in bourse. MSCI creative activity Textiles Apparels Luxury Goods index owns 1,500 securities on 23 international markets (Lefigaro website 2007).It is a reference to investment funds return. then(p renominal) their strategic setting-up in Paris attracts numerous foreign investors. 2 Demand conditions The second determinant of the diamond model mentions the demand more precisely the home demand, the size and the growth. France is formed by more than 60,000,000 citizens and it is one of the richest countries of the world. Concerning the home demand, Luxury goods such as perfumes and cosmetics, the sales keep their growth until 1989. After this period, the consumption has fall because the demand has become more sophisticated and restrained.The luxury industry does not work like the former(a) industries. In fact, in luxury buyer call for do not exist. About the fashion design the buyers are interested in the designers creativity and they do not worry about their practical use or in fact their needs. Nowadays the clientele, the heart of target, presents very distinctive characteristics. Firstly, it is about consumers in monetary ways much more important than average. This socia l category, elite, has a very particular motivation it is needed to answer their desires and not to their base needs.Hedonistic, less and less faithful to the brands, they always expect more in terms of quality, safety and especially from immaterial added value services, citizenship, ecology, environmental protection and most importantly, prestige and brand heritage 3 Related and supporting industries According to the Minister of Industry French economy has to keep relationship between the suppliers near the designers. In fact, Porter talked about clusters that are means for interconnection and submerging between the companies participating in the making process.In this case, luxury industry has kept a of import place Paris. With 36 of its houses which are their head office in Paris, more than 100 shops and creation studios of 59 houses, workshop of excellence act for the economic dynamism of Paris. Moreover the houses support the local economy employing more than 20,000 people i n upstream and downstream. Upstream I by parts manufacturers, wholesalers, art profession such designers, skilled workers. As regard downstream such as distribution or services (e. g. retailers and advising communion agency).They ensure continued existence of professions in danger and invest in order to protect them. In the top 3 of the companies which dominate this market we find LVMH, Vendome and Gucci, both first ones are French what strengthens their luxury image. Moreover on 14 main companies on the luxury market, 5 are from France and 6 are Italian. We can notice that the straight competitor is with Italian luxury brand companies. Moreover French and Italian houses are considered as luxury pillars because they dominate the luxury market.In terms of export we can crease the evolution of emerging countries such as China and India which for these last years aphorism their imports becoming intensify in the sector of the inexpensive fashion. For example, the group of activities Wines and Spirit of LVMH centres its development on the up-market segments of the market. It is also the World leader of the champagne and cognac. This group also owns fashion and leather goods, perfumes and cosmetics, watch and jewellery and each of their portfolio channels dominate the market.We can notice LVMH act in the wine market to expand itself in other markets. In an uncertain world economic context, Moet Hennessy (LVMH President) will pursue during the second half-year 2008 its creation strategy of value and innovation. many novelties will be launched, which will aim at anchoring always more products in the luxury world and at seducing new customers. The firm strategy of luxury industry such as LVMH as we saw is to diversify its portfolio of activity, by adapting every product to every customers segment existing on the market.Moet Hennessy continued to strengthen its distribution network in Central Europe by the establishment of subsidiaries in Poland and Czech Republic. Despite a temptation to go abroad to produce with low cost jade in emerging countries, the French groups carry on to invest enormously in luxury industry. This is relied on identity nature. For this reason companies keep in spite of national expensive labour, their know-how and the quality of their production is more important that cost. Conclusion This industry sends products of high quality, to concentrated, attractive, much targeted and much segmented market.Certain brands rhyme with luxury and sensual delight. Behind these names are nevertheless powerful, very skilful groups, which compete ceaselessly in management of the brands, the creativity, the communication and the distribution. However there is factor in constant change such as home condition and factors condition. The issue in France and abroad is that the buyers are increasingly volatile and they can change brand easily because there are more and more factors and competition in this sector. Moreover most buyers are ha rd to please and competition is fierce.In the other hand the factors conditions pose a paradox because of emerging countries have low cost manufacture and can compete better with developed countries. entirely this country is both buyer both exporting country which is in constant increase. Now a day another issue to tackle the counterfeiting. Luxury industry struggle against the knock off luxury goods which empoisons the luxury world, it is a struggling war which will probably never be resolved, however it needs to be kept at absolute minimum.