Gender Inequality in Workforce - 904 Words

The roles and characteristics related to males and females vary according to time and culture (Keating 2003). A concept of male breadwinner model gave important impacts on the Australian economic, politics, culture and social field in early twentieth century (Broomhill and Sharp 2005). However, in the past few decades, there has been gradual changes occurred in the Australian gender order (ibid.). Even though men are the dominant gender in the workforce, due to globalization, women gained more opportunity to have jobs in the workforce (Jones 1983). In addition, there are increasing number of women in Australian workforce after World War 2 (Broomhill and Sharp 2005). But still gender inequality has been ongoing debate in the workforce for†¦show more content†¦Those jobs often provide less opportunity for training and career development (ibid.). Lastly, there is a sex-segregated workforce in Australia (Healy 2004). For example, men and women still tend have separate occupation s and to work in different areas of the workforce and industries (ibid.). In addition, historically, male dominated occupations and industries have been more greatly valued with men’s work rewarded more than women’s work (ibid.). Pocock and Alexander (1999) studied the impact of sex-segregation on the Australian wage gap. They draw the data from the Australian Workplace Industrial Relations Survey (AWIRS) in 1995 and it reports an overall gender wage gap of seventeen per cent (ibid.). Moreover, they argued that both human capital and sex-segregation variables could not explain the gap (ibid.). However, they could explain the gap using their regression model while the rest was linked with being in female dominated work (ibid.). They also argued that comparable worth policies, that revaluate the women’s job, could help to reduce the pay gap (ibid.). Glass Ceiling Glass ceiling means an invisible barrier that stops someone from achieving further success (Hiau 2005). Often, this term used to describe of women who cannot gain to the highest levels of power and success equal to men in the workplace (ibid.). Then, is glass ceiling exists in Australia? There are many evidence say that it actually still exists. Firstly, according the Government’s EqualShow MoreRelatedGender Inequalities Of Workforce And Gender Inequality1594 Words   |  7 PagesSociology 101 February 1 2017 Gender Inequalities in Workforce Over the years it has become evident that women face far more significant barriers in the workforce than men do. A clear representation of this barrier is established by the gender pay gap, which is the difference in monetary amount received between a woman s and a man s average weekly earnings. The economy, as a social institution, is affected by gender and sex inequality. The idea of inequality in the workplace is central to explainingRead MoreGender Inequality Between The Workforce And Its Correlation With Hofstede s Masculinity Dimension1269 Words   |  6 PagesGender Inequality in the Workforce and Its Correlation to Hofstede’s Masculinity Dimension Culture is a very powerful concept that influences all aspects of a society’s values. Every country holds different cultural views pertaining to each of these aspects and they include symbols, perspectives, and social interactions (Banks 35). As globalization integrates itself deeper into a culture, it begins to transform the norms of that culture. This is exactly what is, and has been happening in many differentRead MoreThe Work Of Maria Del Mar Alonso Almeida1390 Words   |  6 Pageswomen, in 2010, earned a staggering 19% lesser in wages across the world (Economist, 2011). Such wage differentials have been a cause of gender inequality and thereby segregation in the workforce across the globe. The staggering numbers of economic contributions of women compared to men has however, highlighted that there are fewer women to men ratios in the workforce due to the where we live, maternal implications (pregnancies), upbringing and education. This is seen in the caricature of women in theRead MoreGender Inequality And The Corporate World : How Do You Feel About Women Holding Higher Positions Within Corporations?1516 Words   |  7 PagesGender Inequality in the Corporate World How do you feel about women holding higher positions within corporations? In today’s society, there are several inequalities between women and men. These inequalities between women and men have been around since the beginning of time and will always be a factor. Gender inequality can be seen in many different ways across our society today. One major area that this inequality can be seen is in the workforce. There are many women who have jobs in today’sRead MoreGender Inequality And Gender Equality1685 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Gender inequality refers to unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender.† According to united nations population fund â€Å"gender equality is a human right. Men and Women are entitled to live with dignity and with freedom from want and from fear. Gender equality is also a precondition for advancing development and reducing poverty: Empowered women contribute to the health and productivity of whole familie s and communities, and they improve prospects for the next generation†Read MoreGender Inequality Within The Workplace Essay1209 Words   |  5 PagesGender Inequality in the Workplace The generation now has made it easier to equalize men and women but there is still a substantial amount of places where gender inequality is still happening in the workplace and where females still face discrimination. Women are often discriminated in the workplace and are usually not promoted as quickly as men are and they also receive less pay. History shows that women have not always been defined as property and thought of as second class citizens. But inRead MoreGender Inequality : An Ongoing Issue That Occurs Everywhere1420 Words   |  6 Pages Gender inequality is an ongoing issue that occurs everywhere. The Oxford Dictionary of Sports Science Medicine defines gender inequality as â€Å"Social process by which people are treated differently and disadvantageously, under similar circumstances, on the basis of gender† (Kent). This inequality is deeply related to the social view of the gender and inherent biological factors. According to Jay Mcsherry in his paper The Gender Divide, he claims that gender inequality can be seen from differencesRead MoreThe Marxist Feminism Theory And The Social System1176 Words   |  5 PagesHealth is a social construct system and health inequality is the result from social dysfunction. Health determinants are the combined factors that influence an individual or the community’s’ health such as the social environment, economic environment and the individual characteristics and behaviours (Germov, 2014). Firstly, the Marxist feminism will be discussed. This theory believes social structure shapes the group’s behaviours and perspectives. People who have a higher socioeconomic status haveRead MoreWomen Workers In Society Have Been And Still Are Deemed1636 Words   |  7 Pagesthe workforce. This idea is reinforced as women in the workforce are not given the same opportunities to advance in their careers as men or experience the ‘glass ceiling’ effect, women are forced into education or domestic responsibility and are seen to pursue in feminized or feminine sectors of the workforce (Cool, J, 2010). Thus saying, I argue this thinking is validated thorough the practices of gender inequality, most importantly thorough the existence of the gender wage gap. The gender wageRead MoreGender Inequality : A Critical Issue That Affects Women s Rights1662 Words   |  7 PagesGender Inequality Research Paper Gender inequality is a critical issue that affects more women than their male counterparts all around the world. Gender inequality is a form of legal discrimination towards women’s rights. In order to progress and grow as a community and society, gender equality needs to be acknowledged. According to LISTVERSE, the top ten â€Å"extreme† examples of gender inequality towards women that exists around the world today, specifically in the Middle East and North Africa, are

Obscenity Laws Texts Schools And Public Libraries

Daniel Wilson Avril Torrence ENGL 382 10 April 2015 Obscenity Laws Texts In Schools And Public Libraries Obscenity Laws Texts in Schools and Public Libraries Introduction Morality is a virtue that all humans ought to embrace. The different societies where we live in have set standards that provide guidelines that all are to follow. However, with all the set conditions, a section of the population still chose to go astray. Through their actions, verbally and in all manners known to them, this group upholds obscene vices that are a deterrent to the community’s standards of decency (Ryder 210). Obscene practices extend to those materials that are intended to invoke impure sexual thoughts. These materials spread in publications to schools and public libraries at high rates. The question arises that, to what limit should a material be labeled as obscene? Certain fiction writers do not consider the use of euphemisms in their works and at certain times cause intentional ambiguity that attracts diverse reactions from their readers. This phenomenon comes about from what is termed as the reception theory. The mind tends to develop in accordance with the exposure (Cossman 50). It is evident that these scenes tend to be more attractive to the unsuspecting persons, mostly teenagers; therefore, developing strategies to protect them is essential. The Canadian government believes that continuing to produce these materials can corrupt the minds of the readers and the wider population.Show MoreRelatedBan Banning A Great Deal969 Words   |  4 Pages Book banning is something that should be done away with in schools. It hurts everyone, and the only time it is appropriate is if the book is deemed to be truly inappropriate for children by students, teachers, parents, and everyone else that deals with children for reasons related to obscenity and an imminent clear and present danger. In the outside world, public libraries and such cannot ban books. First amendment affects book banning a great deal. The US first amendment makes it very hard toRead MoreEssay on Censorship and Book Banning1838 Words   |  8 Pagesoccurs across homes, schools, stores, and other facilities daily. Censorship in the schools is the most widespread and exposed place for book banning. Do administrators and school boards have the right to ban books? Are we taking away the rights of children to read? In case of Island Trees Schools District V. Pico in New York, the Supreme Court gave the school board broad discretion to frame curriculum and teach civic and moral values. This case resulted in the school board removing ten booksRead MoreEssay on Pornography and Feminist Fight for Women’s Rights1340 Words   |  6 Pagesof Michigan when some of their law school feminists organized a conference â€Å"Prostitution: From Academia to Activism†. This group removed a feminist-curated art exhibition held in conjunction with the conference. They felt that videos showing prostitutes at work was pornographic and unacceptable(Faigley Selzer, 539). Major Claim The influential feminist pro-censorship movement threatens the women’s rights movement it professes to serve. It is led by law professor Catharine MacKinnon andRead MoreCruel and Unusual Punishment Clause3215 Words   |  13 PagesFINAL EXAM Course Name: ________________CRIMINAL LAW CLJ2100________________ School Name: _____________PALM BEACH STATE COLLEGE___________________ Any words, works, or statement are solely my own, And I shall not cheat, take another words, plagiarize or commit any violations of this course, this Professor’s rules, or the University’s Policies, Otherwise seek the consequences of a failure and possible suspension or expulsion. 1 Explain the Eighth Amendment (Cruel and Unusual PunishmentRead MoreFreedom of Speech vs. Censorship on the Internet2126 Words   |  9 Pagestopics which would be illegal to post and/or view freely by children? Should the internet be a free-for-all arena in which anyone could do as they wish without judgment of others opinions and views imposing on their own? So far in class and in the text Gift of Fire by Sara Baase we have seen many issues dealing with Freedom of Speech and the internet. Dealing with issues such as access of children to controversial material like pornography hate speech, and weapons making has increased the debateRead MoreUsage Of Technology Resources Policy1323 Words   |  6 Pagesfairness, integrity, and trust. Columbia Station High School is committed to protecting all users from illegal or possibly damaging actions by individuals, either knowingly or unknowingly. Columbia Station High School understands that monitoring of Internet activities and technology resources usage are major concerns. Students, while free to use the technology resources, must take ownership of their actions. Parents of minors and school staff that are assisting students must understand andRead More Censorship in the Classroom Essay2774 Words   |  12 Pagescensorship cases. I never knew a girl who was ruined by a book. * James Walker (Quotations, 1997, 2). When I was in elementary school, I read every Judy Blume book I could get my hands on. I cried through three readings of Katherine Patersons Bridge to Terribithia and scared myself with every Stephen King novel I could finish. In junior high and high school, we were taught Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer, The Hobbit and Sounder, and My Brother Sam Is Dead, along with the classics. NoneRead MoreEssay on Filters Are Needed to Protect Children From the Internet1924 Words   |  8 Pageswould opt not to leave their children alone in New York City so how could they leave them alone on the Internet?   The government should take a more active role in controlling and regulating illicit material on the Internet in public libraries by mandating the use of filtering software, the so-called Internet Nannies.      Ã‚  Ã‚   Being relatively new, the Internet standards of regulation have not been completely set.   Many forms of legislation have been made in regardsRead More The Dangers of Censorship in High School Essay2591 Words   |  11 PagesThe Dangers of Censorship in High School Every day well meaning parents, concerned members of society, and Christian activist groups across the country fight to censor the literature that is being taught in high school classrooms. The word censorship carries all types of implications and angles; it involve s a denial of an authors right to guaranteed freedoms of expression. However, as it relates to education, this issue goes a great deal deeper than the standard First Amendment argument. InRead MorePHL 612: Philosophy of Law5882 Words   |  24 PagesRYERSON UNIVERSITY Department of Philosophy Course No. PHL 612: Philosophy of Law Winter 2014 SECTION ONE (011) Instructor(s): Alex Wellington Office: Room 428, Jorgenson Hall* Phone: 979-5000 ext. 4057 (E-mail address)**: awelling@ryerson.ca OR alex.wellington@sympatico.ca Office Hours Posted: Wednesdays at 2:10 pm, By Appointment Wednesdays at 3:10 pm and at 4:10 pm, Drop In Time Thursdays at 3:10 pm, By Appointment *Other times may be available by appointment Website:

Harlem Renaissance Essay Free Example For Students

Harlem Renaissance Essay Free The Harlem Renaissance Period (1919-1940) included many outstanding features and writers which made for a wonderful cache of literary works by African American writers. There was an unprecidented variety and scope of publications by African Americans which brought about a new sense of purpose, confidence, and achievement unusual to many black artists due to thier troubled history. This led to thier irresistable impulse to create boldly expressive art of high quality. The 1920s saw the first significant amount of publishing of works by black artists since the turn of the century. Migration to the north seemed a necessity due to the more and more intolerable hiring conditions for blacks in the south. Industrial expansion and jobs left open by whites now serving in WWI saw many blacks moving into the seriously overbuilt Harlem which was origionally built for middle-class and upper-middle-class whites. It was soon labled the Negro capital of the world by James Weldon Johnson, a prominent writer and civil rights leader of the times, and thus soon became the headquarters of such powerful groups as the NAACP, the National Urban League, and Marcus Garveys Universal Negro Improvement Association. During this period of migration, several magazines and newspapersstrived toward a kind of coming of age for the black culture. The early 1920s also saw a breakthrough for African Americans on the stage by finally having plays that showed the complex humanity of blacks. James Weldon Johnson is much quoted in relation to the uprising of the negro culture. He wrote that what the new black artists needed to do was to find a form expressing the imagery, the idioms, the peculiar turns of thought, and the distinctive humor and pathos of the African American culture. There were many writers that dominated the movement including Arna Bontemps, Wallace Thurman, Zora Neale Hurston, Rudolph Fisher, Gwendolyn Bennett, Helene Johnson, her cousin Dorothy West. Also much noted were Countee Cullen, who grew up in the city, and Langston Hughes, who grew up in Kansas. Hughes came to the city on the pretext of going to school, but swore that he really came forHarlem itself. Hughes tended to be very blunt and straight-forward in his works, but one example, Dreams, shows an uncommonly tender side:Another publication which helped to define the emerging spirit of the movement was The New Negro, a 1925 anthology edited by Howard University professorAlain Locke. It combined stories, poems, essays, and artwork by writers old and young, white and black, and defined the spirit of the Harlem Renaissance withMany black writers during the Harlem renaissance were at the mercy of white patrons. Two of the most noted patrons were Carl Van Vechten and Charlotte Osgood Mason. Numerous publishers and editors also played a quieter but still effective role in breaking down the barriers between black writers and the major means of publication in the United States. Occupational and generational tensions became a significant part of the movement. Hughes once observed rather wryly that almost all of the masses ofblacks didnt even realize that the Harlem Renaissance was going on around them. The essence of the renaissance to most of the younger artists was freedom freedom to create origional, personal expressions of art, without regard to politics. There was much growth and change throughout the 1920s which led to a decisive shift, around 1928, from poetry to fiction among the field of African American writers. After the crash of Wall Street in 1929, the Great Depression of the early 30s was the movement toward the end of the Harlem Renaissance which had depended on the prosperity of the publishing industry, theater, and art world. .ua0fc04f1f779af066b50a51a472c9fba , .ua0fc04f1f779af066b50a51a472c9fba .postImageUrl , .ua0fc04f1f779af066b50a51a472c9fba .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua0fc04f1f779af066b50a51a472c9fba , .ua0fc04f1f779af066b50a51a472c9fba:hover , .ua0fc04f1f779af066b50a51a472c9fba:visited , .ua0fc04f1f779af066b50a51a472c9fba:active { border:0!important; } .ua0fc04f1f779af066b50a51a472c9fba .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua0fc04f1f779af066b50a51a472c9fba { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua0fc04f1f779af066b50a51a472c9fba:active , .ua0fc04f1f779af066b50a51a472c9fba:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua0fc04f1f779af066b50a51a472c9fba .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua0fc04f1f779af066b50a51a472c9fba .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua0fc04f1f779af066b50a51a472c9fba .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua0fc04f1f779af066b50a51a472c9fba .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua0fc04f1f779af066b50a51a472c9fba:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua0fc04f1f779af066b50a51a472c9fba .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua0fc04f1f779af066b50a51a472c9fba .ua0fc04f1f779af066b50a51a472c9fba-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua0fc04f1f779af066b50a51a472c9fba:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Columbine EssayIn looking back on the Harlem Renaissance of the 20s and 30s, there were so many contributing factors that characterized this period of time as the true renaissance that it was for African Americans in the United States. We should all rejoice in the amazing work that was created during that time in our Bibliography:The Norton Anthology African American Literature

Longitudinal studies Essay Example

Longitudinal studies Paper Longitudinal studies provide data about the same individual at different points in time allowing the researcher to track change at an individual level. Furthermore it could be argued that longitudinal studies can also be used to study change in the lives of organisations and institutions as well as individual people. In this essay I will be focusing on why longitudinal studies may be difficult to undertake and whether they are desirable. I will also mention the different types of longitudinal studies and why longitudinal studies are conducted. (Hakim: 1987) There are many different type s of longitudinal studies. One of these would be individual level panel surveys where samples of individuals are tracked and interviewed. Another type of longitudinal study is household panel surveys. This is where individuals are monitored within the contexts of the household where they live. Additionally, in this type of survey, information is normally collected about the whole household at each wave. Furthermore cohort studies can be categorised as one of the types of longitudinal studies. This consists of studies where samples from a particular age variety are followed to investigate their different trajectories as they age. Also, longitudinal studies which are linked across time can be record linkage studies and administrative or census data. (Hakim: 1987) (Miles et al: 1994) We will write a custom essay sample on Longitudinal studies specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Longitudinal studies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Longitudinal studies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Many argue that the United Kingdom has always taken a prominent role in the development of longitudinal studies and this can be reflected through the numerous types of longitudinal studies such as the Official for National Statistics, Longitudinal Study of the Census and the British Household Panel Survey to just name a few. It could be argued that these studies provide an understanding of social change, of the trajectories of individual life histories and the dynamic processes that underlie social and economic life. Furthermore many claim that their important role in social science and policy research is the core for the continued investment in longitudinal studies in the U.K. This can be seen as one of the main reasons why longitudinal studies are desirable to undertake. Many argue that longitudinal studies are desirable to undertake as they can address issues and support methods in ways that are not possible with traditional cross-sectional approaches. In addition its particularly important and valuable in research areas where the emphasis is directly on change and the occurrence are themselves intrinsically longitudinal such as poverty, employment instability and social attitudes. Also longitudinal studies may be desirable when investigating causal process as determining whether or not certain factors affect a variable for example the effects of unemployment on mental health. Furthermore, supports of the longitudinal design argue that longitudinal studies are desirable in the area when controlling for the effects of unmeasured fixed differences between subjects and also is valuable when studying social change and needing to separate out age, period and cohort effects. Lastly favourites of the longitudinal design claim that longitudinal studies are desirable in a number of research areas where establishing the effect of treatment by following an experimental design or quasi-experimental design or for example comparing periods before and after the introduction of public policy. Evidence illustrates that these advantages have been used for a wide range for important research findings. The first can be in finding the effects on children of school and family background in order to understand social mobility and the effectiveness of educational interventions as well as to identify the key points for intervention. Secondly the longitudinal studies have been able to examine the effects of changing patterns of marriage, cohabitation and childbirth on the time children are likely to spend in lone parent families and furthermore the effects on their later lives. Moreover the features of longitudinal studies have been able to illustrate the defining characteristics of people who experience repeated spells of unemployment and poverty. And also highlight their effects which many argue make it difficult for people to find work and or maybe escape poverty in the future. As it has been argued, longitudinal studies collect data about different times in individuals lives, and across generations, linking evidence from different points in the lives of parents and children. Furthermore this capacity to follow individuals through time and observe how experiences and behaviour is influenced by the wider social and economical contexts in which they find themselves. (Hakim: 1987) (Miles et al: 1994) (Phillips: 1966) (Vaus: 2001)